Publications - Antiretroviral therapy

Stigmatizing attitudes and low levels of knowledge but high willingness to participate in HIV management: A community based survey of pharmacies in Pune, India

Post Date: 
2010-08-27
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BMC Public Health
Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that the role of pharmacists in low-income settings be expanded to address the increasing complexity of HIV antiretroviral (ARV) and co-infection drug regimens. However, in many such settings including in India, many pharmacists and...

Physician estimate of antiretroviral adherence: poor correlation with patient self-report and viral load

Post Date: 
2010-03-15
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AIDS Patient Care and STDs
Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is critical in maintaining viral suppression and minimizing resistance in HIV-infected patients. We compared physician estimates of their patients' ART adherence with participant's self-reported adherence to determine patient-provider agreement and identify...

One-, two-, and three-class resistance among HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy in private care clinics: Mumbai, India

Post Date: 
2010-01-26
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AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral (ARV) therapy (ART) in India are not all adequately virally suppressed. We analyzed ARV drug resistance in adults receiving ART in three private clinics in Mumbai, India. HIV viral load was measured in 200 patients with the Roche AMPLICOR HIV-1 Monitor...

Extended-dose nevirapine to 6 weeks of age for infants to prevent HIV transmission via breastfeeding in Ethiopia, India, and Uganda: an analysis of three randomized controlled trials

Post Date: 
2009-07-26
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The Lancet
Background: UNICEF/WHO recommends that infants born to HIV-infected mothers who do not have access to acceptable, feasible, affordable, sustainable, and safe replacement feeding should be exclusively breastfed for at least 6 months. The aim of three trials in Ethiopia, India, and Uganda was...

Strategies for gender-equitable HIV services in rural India

Post Date: 
2009-05-15
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Health Policy and Planning
The emergence of HIV in rural India has the potential to heighten gender inequity in a context where women already suffer significant health disparities. Recent Indian health policies provide new opportunities to identify and implement gender-equitable rural HIV services. In this review, we...

Nevirapine resistance and breast-milk HIV transmission: effects of single and extended-dose nevirapine prophylaxis in subtype C HIV-infected infants

Post Date: 
2009-01-01
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PLOS One
Background: Daily nevirapine (NVP) prophylaxis to HIV-exposed infants significantly reduces breast-milk HIV transmission. We assessed NVP-resistance in Indian infants enrolled in the “six-week extended-dose nevirapine” (SWEN) trial who received single-dose NVP (SD-NVP) or SWEN for prevention...

Modeling maternal infant HIV transmission in the presence of breast-feeding with an imperfect test

Post Date: 
2007-12-15
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Biometrics
An important public health question is to determine the probabilities of perinatal HIV transmission and when it occurs, whether antepartum, intrapartum, or postpartum through breastfeeding. However, this is a difficult problem because the presence of HIV infection in an infant can only be...

Selenium and HIV-1: Hope or hype?

Post Date: 
2007-12-10
Publication: 
Archives of Internal Medicine
We read with great interest the article by Hurwitz et al on the impact of selenium supplementation in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Studies examining the association between micronutrients and HIV, particularly prospective studies, have been limited to...

Low sensitivity of total lymphocyte count as a surrogate marker to identify antepartum and postpartum Indian women who require antiretroviral therapy

Post Date: 
2007-11-01
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Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
Background: Some studies support the use of total lymphocyte count (TLC) as a surrogate marker for CD4 cell count to guide antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. However, most of these studies have focused on nonpregnant adults. In light of expanding ART access through prevention of mother-...

Mother-to-child transmission of HIV among women who chose not to exclusively breastfeed their infants in Pune, India

Post Date: 
2007-08-15
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Indian Journal of Medical Research
Background and Objective: The percentage of HIV cases attributed to mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) has increased several fold in recent years. No reports are available on HIV MTCT rates among HIV-infected choosing not be exclusively breastfeed their infants in India. We examined HIV MTCT...

Mortality and clinical characteristics of hospitalized adult patients with HIV in Pune, India

Post Date: 
2007-08-01
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Indian Journal of Medical Research
Background and Objective: In India, data regarding mortality and clinical characteristics of hospitalized HIV-infected patients are sparse, which may limit the effectiveness of new hospital-based HIV programmes providing antiretroviral therapy (ART). The objective of our study was to...

Post-partum TB incidence and mortality among HIV-infected women and their infants in Pune, India 2002-2005

Post Date: 
2007-07-15
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Clinical Infectious Diseases
Background: In contrast with many other countries, isoniazid preventative therapy is not recommended in clinical care guidelines for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons with latent tuberculosis (TB) in India. Methods: Seven hundred fifteen...

Clinically significant anemia in HIV-infected pregnant women in India is not a major barrier to zidovudine use for prevention of maternal-to-child transmission

Post Date: 
2007-06-01
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Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of anemia (serum hemoglobin <10 g/dL) and assess zidovudine use and toxicity in HIV-positive pregnant women in India. Methods: From 2002 through 2006, 24,105 pregnant women in Pune were screened for HIV and anemia. As part of...

Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and virologic suppression among HIV-infected persons receiving care in private clinics in Mumbai, India

Post Date: 
2007-05-01
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Clinical Infectious Diseases
Background: Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and correlates of adherence and virologic suppression among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons receiving ART in private, outpatient clinics in India is unknown. Methods: Between December...

Knowledge, attitudes and practices of antiretroviral therapy among adults attending private and public clinics in India

Post Date: 
2007-02-15
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AIDS Patient Care and STDs
India has approximately 5.2 million persons infected with HIV. Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) is being widely introduced in public clinics, many HIV-infected persons still seek care via the private sector. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2004 at six public and private sites...

Low HIV-1 incidence among married serodiscordant couples in Pune, India

Post Date: 
2006-03-15
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Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
Unlike commercial sex workers and patients attending sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics, married couples are not typically targeted for HIV risk reduction programs in India. Thus, married partners of HIV-infected persons are at particularly high risk for HIV infection. Between...

Rate of hospitalization and inpatient care costs for HIV-1 infected in Pune, India

Post Date: 
2006-02-01
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Publication: 
National Medical Journal of India
Background: The transition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has begun in India, and an increase in AIDS-related hospitalizations and deaths is an anticipated challenge. We estimated the rates of hospitalization and inpatient care...

Making the choice: the translation of global HIV and infant feeding policy to local practice among mothers in Pune, India

Post Date: 
2005-04-15
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The Journal of Nutrition
In 2003, India had over 5.1 million infected individuals living with HIV/AIDS. The percentage of all HIV cases attributed to perinatal transmission has been increasing steadily from 0.33% of total cases in 1999 to 2.80% in 2004. Recent statistics indicate that over 130,000 infants have been...

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