Research News

November 22, 2022

To determine the mechanisms that mediate resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infection in household contacts (HHCs) of patients with tuberculosis (TB), we followed 452 latent TB infection-negative (LTBI-) HHCs for 2 years.

Clinical Research

Leadership
Our Indo-JHU Clinical Research Partnership is located in Pune and is directed by Dr. Amita Gupta (Baltimore, MD), with onsite direction from Dr. Vidya Mave, Dr. Nishi Suryavanshi, and Dr. Nikhil Gupte (Pune). The Indo-JHU Partnership employs more than 200 people and in addition to our memberships in consortia with many esteemed Indian research institutions, we have formal agreements with:
 
 

Of testing and treatment: Implications of implementing new regimens for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

Post Date: 
2017-10-01
Publication: 
Clinical Infectious Diseases
A novel, shorter-course regimen for treating multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis was recently recommended by the World Health Organization. However, the most appropriate use of drug susceptibility testing (DST) to support this regimen is less clear. Implementing countries must therefore...

Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Post Date: 
2017-09-16
Publication: 
The Lancet
Abstract Background: Detailed assessments of mortality patterns, particularly age-specific mortality, represent a crucial input that enables health systems to target interventions to specific populations. Understanding how all-cause mortality has changed with respect to...

Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Post Date: 
2017-09-16
Publication: 
The Lancet
Abstract Background: As mortality rates decline, life expectancy increases, and populations age, non-fatal outcomes of diseases and injuries are becoming a larger component of the global burden of disease. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD...

Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Post Date: 
2017-09-12
Publication: 
The Lancet
Abstract Background: The UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are grounded in the global ambition of "leaving no one behind". Understanding today's gains and gaps for the health-related SDGs is essential for decision makers as they aim to improve the health of populations. As...

Healthcare Access and Quality Index based on mortality from causes amenable to personal health care in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2015: a novel analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Post Date: 
2017-07-15
Publication: 
The Lancet
Abstract Background: National levels of personal health-care access and quality can be approximated by measuring mortality rates from causes that should not be fatal in the presence of effective medical care (ie, amenable mortality). Previous analyses of mortality amenable to...

A qualitative study exploring factors influencing clinical decision-making for influenza-like illness in Solapur city, Maharashtra, India

Post Date: 
2017-07-03
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Anthropology and Medicine
Abstract The co-existence of different types of medical systems (medical pluralism) is a typical feature of India's healthcare system. For conditions such as influenza-like illness (ILI), where non-specific disease signs/symptoms exist, clinical reasoning in the context of medical...

Cardiovascular risk in an HIV-infected population in India

Post Date: 
2017-07-03
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Heart Asia
Findings: HIV+ Indian patients who had cardiovascular disease at a younger age appear to be at imminent risk for morbidity.

Household food insecurity is associated with low interferon-gamma levels in pregnant Indian women

Post Date: 
2017-07-01
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International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
Objective: To determine the association between household food insecurity and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels in pregnancy. Design: Pregnant women in India were administered the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) questionnaire and underwent an IFN-γ release assay...

Vitamin A and D deficiencies associated with incident tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients initiating antiretroviral therapy in multinational case-cohort study

Post Date: 
2017-07-01
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Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
Introduction: Numerous micronutrients have immunomodulatory roles that may influence risk of tuberculosis (TB), but the association between baseline micronutrient deficiencies and incident TB after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in HIV-infected individuals is not well characterized...

Maternal syphilis: An independent risk factor for mother to infant human immunodeficiency virus transmission

Post Date: 
2017-06-15
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Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Abstract Syphilis is associated with increased human immunodeficiency virus acquisition and sexual transmission; we examined impact on human immunodeficiency virus mother-to-child transmission among mother-infant pairs enrolled in the India Six-Week Extended-Dose Nevirapine study...

Presence of human hepegivirus-1 in a cohort of people who inject drugs

Post Date: 
2017-06-07
Publication: 
Annals of Internal Medicine
Findings on the sensitivity of next-generation metagenomic sequencing for discovery of new viral infections.

Tuberculosis screening among persons with diabetes mellitus in Pune, India

Post Date: 
2017-06-02
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Publication: 
BMC Infectious Diseases
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases tuberculosis (TB) risk, and there is increasing concern over the public health implications of the convergence of these two epidemics. Screening for TB among people with DM is now recommended in India. Methods: People with DM seeking...

Pulmonary infections in pregnancy

Post Date: 
2017-06-01
Publication: 
Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
Clinical review from Drs. Amita Gupta & Jyoti Mathad on improving tuberculosis treatment outcomes for pregnant women.

Treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis

Post Date: 
2017-04-27
Publication: 
Handbook of Tuberculosis
This chapter addresses the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis highlighting drug classes, recommended regimens, adverse drug reactions, drug-drug interactions, and practical aspects of monitoring, The principles of treatment of latent tuberculosis are also addressed including whom to treat,...

Clinical features and diagnosis of tuberculosis: primary infection and progressive pulmonary tuberculosis

Post Date: 
2017-04-27
Publication: 
Handbook of Tuberculosis
In this chapter, we will review the clinical manifestations of intrathoracic tuberculosis (TB), including pathophysiology and clinical features of primary and secondary or reactivation TB. Specific topics discussed are the physical examination, and microbiological, radiological, and...

Resident doctors' attitudes toward tuberculosis patients

Post Date: 
2017-04-15
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Indian Journal of Tuberculosis
Background: The attitude of the resident doctors toward tuberculosis (TB) patients can affect their treatment seeking behavior, compliance to treatment as well as reinforce the stigma attached to the disease by the society at large. Aims: To assess the attitudes...

High burden of antimicrobial resistance and mortality among adults and children with community-onset bacterial infections in India

Post Date: 
2017-04-15
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Journal of Infectious Diseases
Of 133 isolates from 115 patients, 50% were multi-drug resistant; of 33 isolates tested for carbapenem susceptibility, 36% were resistant.

Novel interferon-gamma assays for diagnosing tuberculosis in young children in India

Post Date: 
2017-04-01
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Publication: 
International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
Setting: The tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) are used as supportive evidence to diagnose active tuberculosis (TB). Novel IGRAs could improve diagnosis, but data are lacking in young children. Design: Children (age 5 years or...

Reducing uncertainty for acute febrile illness in resource-limited settings: the current diagnostic landscape

Post Date: 
2017-03-27
Publication: 
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
After decades of slow progress in diagnostics for acute febrile illness in resource-limited settings, a wave of converging advancements will enable clinicians in resource limited settings to reduce uncertainty for the diagnosis of acute febrile illness.

The epidemiology, pathogenesis, transmission, diagnosis, and management of multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant, and incurable tuberculosis

Post Date: 
2017-03-24
Publication: 
The Lancet Respiratory Medicine
Global tuberculosis incidence has declined marginally over the past decade, and tuberculosis remains out of control in several parts of the world including Africa and Asia. Although tuberculosis control has been effective in some regions of the world, these gains are threatened by the increasing...

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