Center for Infectious Diseases in India

Background: Mortality within the first 6 months after initiating antiretroviral therapy is common in resource-limited settings and is often due to tuberculosis in patients with advanced HIV disease. Isoniazid preventive therapy is recommended in HIV-positive adults, but subclinical...

Prevalence and risk factors of micronutrient deficiencies pre- and post-antiretroviral therapy (ART) among a diverse multicountry cohort of HIV-infected adults

Post Date:

2016-02-10

Countries:

Publication:

Clinical Nutrition

Background & Aims: HIV-infected adults have increased risk of several individual micronutrient deficiencies. However, the prevalence and risk factors of concurrent and multiple micronutrient deficiencies and whether micronutrient concentrations change after antiretroviral therapy (ART)...

Cost effectiveness of isoniazid preventive therapy for HIV-infected pregnant women in India

Post Date:

2016-01-01

Countries:

India

Clinical Sites:

BJGMC

Publication:

International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease

Background: India has a high burden of active tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Pregnancy increases the risks of developing TB in HIV-infected women. Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) reduces progression to TB, but may increase costs and hepatotoxicity. The...

Soluble CD14: An independent biomarker for risk of HIV mother-to-child transmission in setting of pre- and post-exposure antiretroviral prophylaxis

Post Date:

2015-10-06

Countries:

Clinical Sites:

Publication:

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

Elevated soluble CD14 (sCD14) concentrations, a marker of monocyte activation, predicts adverse outcomes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults. To examine the association of sCD14 concentrations with the risk of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV, we nested a case-...

Economic and epidemiological impact of early antiretroviral therapy initiation in India

Post Date:

2015-10-01

Countries:

India

Publication:

Journal of the International AIDS Society

Introduction: Recent WHO guidance advocates for early antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation at higher CD4 counts to improve survival and reduce HIV transmission. We sought to quantify how the cost-effectiveness and epidemiological impact of early ART strategies in India are affected by...

Pre-cART elevation of CRP and CD4+ T-cell immune activation associated with HIV clinical progression in a multinational case-cohort study

Post Date:

2015-10-01

Countries:

Clinical Sites:

Publication:

Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

Background: Despite the success of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), a subset of HIV-infected patients who initiate cART develop early clinical progression to AIDS; therefore, some cART initiators are not fully benefitted by cART. Immune activation pre-cART may predict clinical...

Mother and child both matter: reconceptualizing the prevention of mother-to-child transmission care continuum

Post Date:

2015-09-08

Publication:

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS

Purpose of review: To propose a prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) care continuum that defines the programmatic steps necessary to provide HIV care to the HIV-infected pregnant woman and her infant during the risk period for HIV transmission. Recent...

Contraceptive use and factors associated with postpartum surgical sterilization among HIV-infected women in Pune, India

Post Date:

2015-08-21

Countries:

India

Clinical Sites:

BJGMC

Publication:

Journal of HIV/AIDS & Social Services

The authors desire to better understand contraceptive practices and factors associated with surgical tubal ligation (STL) among HIV-infected women. Secondary data were obtained from HIV-infected women enrolled in a National Institutes of Health–funded clinical trial assessing the efficacy of...

Failure to use and sustain male condom usage: lessons learned from a prospective study among men attending STI clinic in Pune, India

Post Date:

2015-08-13

Countries:

India

Publication:

PLOS One

Background: Sustained or consistent use of condoms by men remains a challenge. A study was carried out to identify factors associated with failure to use condoms consistently by men attending STD clinics in Pune, India. Method: Among 14137 STI clinic...

Concurrent anemia and elevated CRP predicts HIV clinical treatment failure, including TB, post-antiretroviral therapy initiation

Post Date:

2015-07-01

Countries:

Clinical Sites:

Publication:

Clinical Infectious Diseases

Background: Anemia is a known risk factor for clinical failure following antiretroviral therapy (ART). Notably, anemia and inflammation are interrelated, and recent studies have associated elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammation marker, with adverse human immunodeficiency virus (...

Efavirenz pharmacokinetics in HIV-infected persons receiving rifapentine and isoniazid for tuberculosis prevention

Post Date:

2015-06-16

Countries:

South Africa

Thailand

United States

Publication:

Clinical Infectious Diseases

Background: Concomitant use of rifamycins to treat or prevent tuberculosis can result in subtherapeutic concentrations of antiretroviral drugs. We studied the interaction of efavirenz with daily rifapentine and isoniazid in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals receiving a 4...

Vitamin D deficiency and risk of postpartum tuberculosis among HIV-infected breastfeeding mothers in India

Post Date:

2015-03-15

Countries:

India

Clinical Sites:

BJGMC

Publication:

International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease

Some studies have associated low vitamin D levels with the risk of tuberculosis (TB), but its association in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected mothers in a TB-endemic region has not been well studied. We conducted a nested 1:2 case-control study among HIV-infected mothers in western...

What tuberculosis means for maternal health

Post Date:

2015-03-04

Mrs. Kumar [not her real name] was diagnosed with TB 18 years ago, during her first pregnancy, which ended in miscarriage. She then became depressed and side effects from the TB medications caused her difficulty eating. Three years later, during her second pregnancy, she and her husband were...

C-reactive protein (CRP), interferon gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are associated with risk of tuberculosis after initiation of antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings

Post Date:

2015-02-26

Countries:

Publication:

PLOS One

Objective: The association between pre-antiretroviral (ART) inflammation and immune activation and risk for incident tuberculosis (TB) after ART initiation among adults is uncertain. Design: Nested case-control study (n = 332) within ACTG PEARLS trial of...

Pre-antiretroviral therapy selenium status predicts WHO stages 3, 4 or death but not virologic failure post-antiretroviral therapy

Post Date:

2014-11-13

Countries:

Clinical Sites:

Publication:

Nutrients

A case-cohort study, within a multi-country trial of antiretroviral therapy (ART) efficacy (Prospective Evaluation of Antiretrovirals in Resource Limited Settings (PEARLS)), was conducted to determine if pre-ART serum selenium deficiency is independently associated with human immunodeficiency...

25-Hydroxyvitamin D insufficiency and deficiency is associated with HIV disease progression and virological failure post-antiretroviral therapy initiation in diverse multinational settings

Post Date:

2014-07-15

Countries:

Clinical Sites:

Publication:

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

Background: Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) has been associated with increased HIV mortality, but prospective studies assessing treatment outcomes after combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) initiation in resource-limited settings are lacking. Methods...

Impact of maternal hepatitis B virus coinfection on mother-to-child transmission of HIV

Post Date:

2014-07-15

Countries:

India

Clinical Sites:

BJGMC

Publication:

HIV Medicine

Objectives: Despite high hepatitis B virus (HBV) endemicity in various resource-limited settings (RLSs), the impact of maternal HIV/HBV coinfection on infant health outcomes has not been defined. We aimed to assess the prevalence of HBV coinfection among HIV-infected pregnant women and its...

Challenges to disclosure of HIV status to perinatally infected children: a study of caregiver perspectives in Pune, India

Post Date:

2014-06-15

Countries:

India

Clinical Sites:

BJGMC

Publication:

Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases

Effective guidelines around disclosure of HIV status are lacking and limited data from India reveal low rates of HIV disclosure to perinatally infected children. This study, conducted in Pune, India, attempts to understand the experiences of caregivers of perinatally infected children around the...

Change in Vitamin D levels occurs early after antiretroviral therapy initiation and depends on treatment regimen in resource-limited settings

Post Date:

2014-04-21

Countries:

Clinical Sites:

Publication:

PLOS One

Background: Vitamin D has wide-ranging effects on the immune system, and studies suggest that low serum vitamin D levels are associated with worse clinical outcomes in HIV. Recent studies have identified an interaction between antiretrovirals used to treat HIV and reduced serum vitamin D...

Maternal pneumococcal capsular IgG antibodies and transplacental transfer are lower in South Asian HIV-infected mother-infant pairs

Post Date:

2014-03-14

Countries:

India

Clinical Sites:

BJGMC

Publication:

Vaccine

Background: Our understanding of the mother-to-child transfer of serotype-specific pneumococcal antibodies is limited in non-immunized, HIV-positive women. Methods: We compared geometric mean antibody concentrations (GMCs), geometric mean transplacental...

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