Publications - Tuberculosis

Immunologic effects of pregnancy on M. tuberculosis: methodology of an observational cohoStages of pregnancy and HIV affect diagnosis of tuberculosis infection and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-induced immune response: Findings from PRACHITi, a cohort

Post Date:

2021-09-21

Publication:

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

Background Accurate tuberculosis infection (TBI) tests are critical for pregnant women, especially those with HIV, who have a high risk of TB disease. Methods We enrolled interferon gamma release assay (IGRA)+ pregnant women with and without HIV in a longitudinal study, followed up at delivery and...

Health Systems and Tuberculosis Control

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2021-09-20

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Essential Tuberculosis

This chapter discusses the relationship between health systems and organization of tuberculosis (TB) control, which is generally a part and parcel of a health system. It juxtaposes the six building blocks of a health system identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) on WHO’s End TB...

Resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among household contacts: a multinational study

Post Date:

2021-09-15

Publication:

Clinical Infectious Diseases

Background Some contacts of patients with tuberculosis remain negative on tests for tuberculosis infection, despite prolonged exposure, suggesting they might be resistant to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. The objective of this multinational study was to estimate the proportion of household...

Modern lineages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were recently introduced in western India and demonstrate increased transmissibility

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2021-08-21

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Open Forum Infectious Diseases

Background Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) transmissibility may vary between lineages (or variants) and this may contribute to the slow decline of tuberculosis (TB) incidence. The objective of our study was to compare transmissibility across four major lineages (L1-4) of Mtb among participants...

Urine LAM Testing in Advanced HIV-Infected Adults in a Trial of Empiric TB Therapy

Post Date:

2021-08-15

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Clinical Infectious Diseases

Background The urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) antigen test is a tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic test with highest sensitivity in individuals with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Its role in TB diagnostic algorithms for HIV-positive outpatients remains unclear. Methods The AIDS Clinical...

Targeted next generation sequencing directly from sputum for comprehensive genetic information on drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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2021-07-13

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Tuberculosis

Background: Timely drug resistance detection is essential to global tuberculosis management. Unfortunately, rapid molecular tests assess resistance to only a few drugs, with culture required for comprehensive susceptibility test results. Methods: We evaluated targeted next generation sequencing (...

Utility of the interferon-gamma release assay for latent tuberculosis infection screening among indian health-care workers

Post Date:

2021-07-13

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Indian Journal of Community Medicine

Background: The utility of interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) screening among health-care workers (HCWs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remains unclear. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study among HCW trainees...

Linezolid resistance mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates at a tertiary center in Mumbai, India

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2021-07-01

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Indian Journal of Medical Research

Background & objectives: Linezolid (LZD) is increasingly being used in tuberculosis (TB) treatment. However, LZD resistance has already been reported, which is highly alarming, given its critical therapeutic role. This study was aimed to phenotypically and genotypically assess LZD resistance in...

Integrative multi-omics reveals serum markers of tuberculosis in advanced HIV

Post Date:

2021-06-08

Publication:

Frontiers in Immunology

Tuberculosis (TB) accounts for disproportionate morbidity and mortality among persons living with HIV (PLWH). Conventional methods of TB diagnosis, including smear microscopy and Xpert MTB/RIF, have lower sensitivity in PLWH. Novel high-throughput approaches, such as miRNAomics and metabolomics,...

Diabetes Mellitus and Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes in Pune, India

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2021-04-01

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Open Forum Infectious Diseases

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk of tuberculosis (TB) disease. Knowledge of the impact of DM on TB treatment outcomes is primarily based on retrospective studies. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study of new pulmonary TB patients with and without DM (TB-DM and TB only...

Unhealthy alcohol use independently associated with unfavorable TB treatment outcomes among Indian men

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2021-03-10

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International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease

This study by Samyra Cox and colleagues highlights the need for integrating effective alcohol interventions into TB care.

Drug susceptibility patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from adults with Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Implications for a Household Contact Preventive Therapy Trial

Post Date:

2021-02-24

Publication:

BMC Infectious Diseases

Background Drug susceptibility testing (DST) patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) from patients with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) or multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB; or resistant to rifampicin and isoniazid (INH)), are important to guide preventive therapy for their household...

A two-gene signature for tuberculosis diagnosis in persons with advanced HIV

Post Date:

2021-02-21

Publication:

Frontiers in Immunology

Background: Transcriptomic signatures for tuberculosis (TB) have been proposed and represent a promising diagnostic tool. Data remain limited in persons with advanced HIV. Methods: We enrolled 30 patients with advanced HIV (CD4 <100 cells/mm3) in India; 16 with active TB and 14 without. Whole-...

Systemic Inflammation in Pregnant Women With Latent Tuberculosis Infection

Post Date:

2021-01-27

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Frontiers in Immunology

Background: Recent studies in adults have characterized differences in systemic inflammation between adults with and without latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI+ vs. LTBI-). Potential differences in systemic inflammation by LTBI status has not been assess in pregnant women. Methods: We conducted a...

Higher interleukin-6 levels and changes in transforming growth factor-β are associated with lung impairment in pulmonary tuberculosis

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2021-01-18

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ERJ Open Resource

Higher levels of IL-6 and slow-to-resolve TGF-β are associated with lung impairment in treated tuberculosis. These results have important implications for clinical trials of immunomodulatory therapies to prevent tuberculosis-associated lung disease. http://openres.ersjournals.com/lookup/doi/...

Detection of genital tuberculosis among women with infertility using best clinical practices in India: An implementation study

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2021-01-15

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Indian Journal of Tuberculosis

Background Diagnosis of genital tuberculosis (TB) as a cause of infertility still remains a diagnostic dilemma for clinicians, as no standard guidelines exist. The recently proposed best practices for genital TB diagnosis have not been evaluated yet in India. Objectives To implement best practices...

Stages of pregnancy and HIV affect diagnosis of tuberculosis infection and Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB)-induced immune response: Findings from PRACHITi, a cohort study in Pune, India

Post Date:

2021-01-11

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IJID

Background Accurate tuberculosis infection (TBI) tests are critical for pregnant women, especially those with HIV, who have a high risk of TB disease. Methods We enrolled interferon gamma release assay (IGRA)+ pregnant women with and without HIV in a longitudinal study, followed up at delivery and...

Higher IL-6 Levels and Changes in TGF-β are Associated with Lung Impairment in Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Post Date:

2021-01-08

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ERJ

Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is associated with granuloma formation, necrosis and cavitation in lung tissue. Lung injury in PTB can persist despite microbiological cure and is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) independent of smoking exposure[1]. Furthermore, pulmonary...

Measuring TB drug levels in the hair in adults and children to monitor drug exposure and outcomes

Post Date:

2021-01-01

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International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease

INTRODUCTION: Testing for anti-TB drugs in small hair samples may serve as a non-invasive tool to measure cumulative drug exposure and/or adherence, as these determine treatment success. We aimed to assess how well hair assays of TB drugs predict TB treatment outcomes.METHODS: A small thatch of...

Nevirapine pharmacokinetics in HIV-infected persons receiving rifapentine and isoniazid for TB prevention

Post Date:

2020-11-26

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The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Background: The use of rifamycin antibiotics for TB prevention carries a risk of detrimental drug-drug interactions with concomitantly used ART. Objectives: To evaluate the interaction of the antiretroviral drug nevirapine in combination with 4 weeks of daily rifapentine and isoniazid for TB...

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