Publications - Tuberculosis

Timing of maternal isoniazid preventive therapy on tuberculosis infection among infants exposed to HIV in low-income and middle-income settings: a secondary analysis of the TB APPRISE trial

Post Date: 
2023-09-13
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Lancet Child Adolescent Health
Deferral of maternal isoniazid preventive therapy to early postpartum had no effect on infant tuberculosis acquisition in our trial population, regardless of the diagnostic test used.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis disease associates with higher HIV-1-specific antibody responses

Post Date: 
2023-05-19
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Science Direct
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the most common infection among people with HIV (PWH). Mtb disease-associated inflammation could affect HIV-directed immune responses in PWH. We show that HIV antibodies are broader and more potent in PWH in the presence as compared to the absence of Mtb disease...

Operational challenges undermine the WHO TB symptom screen in pregnant women in India

Post Date: 
2023-04-26
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Open Forum Infectious Diseases
Background. Pregnancy increases both a woman's risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) and her likelihood to seek health care. A symptom screen that is effective during pregnancy would therefore be valuable. We assessed a World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended TB symptom screen in an antenatal...

Impact of undernutrition on tuberculosis treatment outcomes in India: A multicenter prospective cohort analysis by Dr. Pranay Sinha

Post Date: 
2023-04-17
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Clinical Infectious Diseases
Abstract Background Undernutrition is the leading risk factor for tuberculosis (TB) globally. Its impact on treatment outcomes is poorly defined. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort analysis of adults with drug-sensitive pulmonary TB at 5 sites from 2015–2019. Using multivariable Poisson...

Sex Differences in TB Clinical Presentation, Drug Exposure, and Treatment Outcomes in India

Post Date: 
2023-04-01
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CHEST
Background: The role of sex differences in clinical presentation, TB drug pharmacokinetic variables, and treatment outcomes is unclear. Research question: What is the effect of sex on TB disease severity, drug exposure, and treatment outcome? Study design and methods: This study was a prospective...

Factors associated with prevalent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and disease among adolescents and adults exposed to rifampin-resistant tuberculosis in the household

Post Date: 
2023-03-17
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PLOS ONE
Background: Understanding factors associated with prevalent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and prevalent TB disease in household contacts of patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) may be useful for TB program staff conducting contact investigations. Methods: Using data from a cross-...

Characterising cause of death among people treated for drug-susceptible TB in India

Post Date: 
2023-01-12
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The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
Annually, 1.5 million people die of TB.1 India has thehighest burden of TB,1 and in 2020, the case fatality ratio (CFR) among people with drug-susceptible TB was 4.3%.2 Even after treatment, mortality is more than two-fold higher among people with prior TB compared to the general population.3...

Predictive performance of interferon-gamma release assays and the tuberculin skin test for incident tuberculosis: an individual participant data meta-analysis

Post Date: 
2023-01-05
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EClinicalMedicine
Background: Evidence on the comparative performance of purified protein derivative tuberculin skin tests (TST) and interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA) for predicting incident active tuberculosis (TB) remains conflicting. We conducted an individual participant data meta-analysis to directly...

Pharmacokinetic analysis of linezolid for multidrug resistant tuberculosis at a tertiary care centre in Mumbai, India

Post Date: 
2023-01-04
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Frontiers in Pharmacology
Linezolid is an oxazolidinone used to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), including in the recently-endorsed shorter 6-month treatment regimens. Due to its narrow therapeutic index, linezolid is often either dose-adjusted or discontinued due to intolerance or toxicity during treatment...

The Kynurenine / Tryptophan Ratio is a Sensitive Biomarker for the Diagnosis of Pediatric Tuberculosis among Indian Children

Post Date: 
2022-12-22
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Frontiers in Immunology
Objectives: Pediatric tuberculosis (TB) remains difficult to diagnose. The plasma kynurenine to tryptophan ratio (K/T ratio) is a potential biomarker for TB diagnosis and treatment response but has not been assessed in children. Methods: We performed a targeted diagnostic accuracy analysis of four...

Metabolites enhance innate resistance to human Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

Post Date: 
2022-11-22
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JCI Insight
To determine the mechanisms that mediate resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infection in household contacts (HHCs) of patients with tuberculosis (TB), we followed 452 latent TB infection-negative (LTBI-) HHCs for 2 years. Those who remained LTBI- throughout the study were...

Developing TB Vaccines for People with HIV: A Roadmap: Meeting Consensus Report

Post Date: 
2022-11-09
Publication: 
Lancet HIV
New tuberculosis vaccine candidates that are in the development pipeline need to be studied in people with HIV, who are at high risk of acquiring Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis disease and tend to develop less robust vaccine-induced immune responses. To address the gaps in...

Impact of pregnancy and HIV on LTBI diagnostics and MTB-induced immune response: a cohort study in Pune, India

Post Date: 
2022-11-01
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International Journal of Infectious Diseases
Background Accurate tuberculosis infection (TBI) tests are critical for pregnant women, especially those with HIV, who have a high risk of TB disease. Methods We enrolled interferon gamma release assay (IGRA)+ pregnant women with and without HIV in a longitudinal study, followed up at delivery and...

Willingness of Caregivers to Give Preventive Therapy to Children Living in Households of Patients with Rifampin-resistant Tuberculosis

Post Date: 
2022-10-26
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The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
BACKGROUND Pediatric household contacts (HHCs) of patients with multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) are at high risk of infection and active disease. Evidence of caregiver willingness to give MDR-TB preventive therapy (TPT) to children is limited. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of HHCs of...

Whole Genome Sequencing Assessing Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Tuberculosis Mutations and Type of Recurrence in India

Post Date: 
2022-10-06
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Clinical Infectious Diseases
Dr. Vidya Mave and colleagues concluded considerable intrahost mycobacterium tuberculosis mutation rates were present at recurrence among patients with diabetes mellitus.

Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Simulation of Rifapentine Allow Concomitant Antiretroviral Therapy with Efavirenz and Non-Weight Based Dosing

Post Date: 
2022-09-20
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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
ABSTRACT The Brief Rifapentine–Isoniazid Efficacy for TB Prevention/A5279 trial demonstrated a 1-month daily regimen of rifapentine and isoniazid was noninferior to 9 months of isoniazid alone for preventing TB in persons living with HIV (PLWH). Our objective was to evaluate rifapentine...

Accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in adult patients: a retrospective cohort study

Post Date: 
2022-09-01
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International Journal of Infectious Diseases
Abstract Objectives: The value of the "trace" result in Xpert Ultra for diagnosing active tuberculosis (TB) remains unclear. Our study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Xpert Ultra) (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, USA) over Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, USA) and...

Concomitant pulmonary disease is common among patients with extrapulmonary TB

Post Date: 
2022-08-12
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International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
Dr. Shivakumar and his group discovered that a high proportion of patients classified as EPTB in India have concomitant PTB. Their results support the need for improved symptom and CXR screening, and recommends routine sputum TB microbiology screening of all Indian patients with EPTB.

Pregnancy in Women with HIV in a Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy Trial

Post Date: 
2022-08-01
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JAIDS
Background: Tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT) is recommended for people with HIV infection, including during pregnancy. The effect of TPT exposure at conception and during pregnancy is poorly documented. Methods: We report pregnancy outcomes among South African women...

The association of gestational diabetes with HIV infection and tuberculosis in Indian women

Post Date: 
2022-08-01
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The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Infection of HIV is associated with an increased diabetes risk, which also increases tuberculosis risk. It is unknown if similar associations exist with gestational diabetes (GDM). We screened pregnant women living with and without HIV for GDM using oral glucose tolerance testing. In a subgroup of...

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