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Low Vitamin-D levels combined with PKP3-SIGIRR-TMEM16J host variants is strongly associated with tuberculosis and death in HIV-infected and -exposed infants

Post Date:

2016-02-12

Countries:

Publication:

PLOS One

Background: This study examined the associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and specific host genetic variants that affect vitamin D levels or its effects on immune function, with the risk of TB or mortality in children. Methods: A case-cohort sample of 466 South African infants...

Prevalence and risk factors of micronutrient deficiencies pre- and post-antiretroviral therapy (ART) among a diverse multicountry cohort of HIV-infected adults

Post Date:

2016-02-10

Countries:

Publication:

Clinical Nutrition

Background & Aims: HIV-infected adults have increased risk of several individual micronutrient deficiencies. However, the prevalence and risk factors of concurrent and multiple micronutrient deficiencies and whether micronutrient concentrations change after antiretroviral therapy (ART)...

Toward earlier inclusion of pregnant and postpartum women in TB drug trials: consensus statements from an International Expert Panel

Post Date:

2016-01-04

Publication:

Clinical Infectious Diseases

Tuberculosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in women of childbearing age (15–44 years). Despite increased tuberculosis risk during pregnancy, optimal clinical treatment remains unclear: safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic data for many tuberculosis drugs are lacking, and...

Cost effectiveness of isoniazid preventive therapy for HIV-infected pregnant women in India

Post Date:

2016-01-01

Countries:

India

Clinical Sites:

BJGMC

Publication:

International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease

Background: India has a high burden of active tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Pregnancy increases the risks of developing TB in HIV-infected women. Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) reduces progression to TB, but may increase costs and hepatotoxicity. The...

Awareness and support for graphic health warnings on smokeless tobacco packages in Navi Mumbai, India and Dhaka, Bangladesh

Post Date:

2015-12-04

Countries:

India

Publication:

Tobacco Control

Awareness and support for graphic health warnings on smokeless tobacco packages in Navi Mumbai, India and Dhaka, Bangladesh

Pediatric tuberculous meningitis: model-based approach to determining optimal doses of anti-tuberculosis drugs for children

Post Date:

2015-10-22

Countries:

Clinical Sites:

Publication:

Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Pediatric tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a highly morbid, often fatal disease. Standard treatment includes isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. Current rifampin dosing achieves low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations, and CSF penetration of ethambutol is poor. In adult...

RePORT International: advancing tuberculosis biomarker research through global collaboration

Post Date:

2015-10-15

Countries:

Clinical Sites:

Publication:

Clinical Infectious Diseases

Progress in tuberculosis clinical research is hampered by a lack of reliable biomarkers that predict progression from latent to active tuberculosis, and subsequent cure, relapse, or failure. Regional Prospective Observational Research for Tuberculosis (RePORT) International represents a...

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding breastfeeding in postpartum mothers at a tertiary care institute during a public health awareness campaign

Post Date:

2015-10-09

Countries:

India

Publication:

International Journal of Health Sciences

Background: Breast feeding has several benefits for both the infants and mothers. However, despite strong evidences in support of breast feeding its prevalence has remained low worldwide. The objective of the present study was to examine the knowledge and attitude towards breast feeding and infant...

Soluble CD14: An independent biomarker for risk of HIV mother-to-child transmission in setting of pre- and post-exposure antiretroviral prophylaxis

Post Date:

2015-10-06

Countries:

Clinical Sites:

Publication:

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

Elevated soluble CD14 (sCD14) concentrations, a marker of monocyte activation, predicts adverse outcomes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults. To examine the association of sCD14 concentrations with the risk of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV, we nested a case-...

Economic and epidemiological impact of early antiretroviral therapy initiation in India

Post Date:

2015-10-01

Countries:

India

Publication:

Journal of the International AIDS Society

Introduction: Recent WHO guidance advocates for early antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation at higher CD4 counts to improve survival and reduce HIV transmission. We sought to quantify how the cost-effectiveness and epidemiological impact of early ART strategies in India are affected by...

Pre-cART elevation of CRP and CD4+ T-cell immune activation associated with HIV clinical progression in a multinational case-cohort study

Post Date:

2015-10-01

Countries:

Clinical Sites:

Publication:

Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

Background: Despite the success of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), a subset of HIV-infected patients who initiate cART develop early clinical progression to AIDS; therefore, some cART initiators are not fully benefitted by cART. Immune activation pre-cART may predict clinical...

Maternal Smokeless Tobacco Use in Pregnancy and Adverse Health Outcomes in Newborn babies

Post Date:

2015-09-17

Countries:

India

Publication:

The Asian Man

BACKGROUND: Perinatal morbidity and mortality are important indicators of maternal health and the future health of the child. Smokeless tobacco (ST) use during pregnancy is associated with low birth weight (LBW), preterm births, stillbirths, and small for gestation age (SGA). This study...

Mother and child both matter: reconceptualizing the prevention of mother-to-child transmission care continuum

Post Date:

2015-09-08

Publication:

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS

Purpose of review: To propose a prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) care continuum that defines the programmatic steps necessary to provide HIV care to the HIV-infected pregnant woman and her infant during the risk period for HIV transmission. Recent...

Contraceptive use and factors associated with postpartum surgical sterilization among HIV-infected women in Pune, India

Post Date:

2015-08-21

Countries:

India

Clinical Sites:

BJGMC

Publication:

Journal of HIV/AIDS & Social Services

The authors desire to better understand contraceptive practices and factors associated with surgical tubal ligation (STL) among HIV-infected women. Secondary data were obtained from HIV-infected women enrolled in a National Institutes of Health–funded clinical trial assessing the efficacy of...

Failure to use and sustain male condom usage: lessons learned from a prospective study among men attending STI clinic in Pune, India

Post Date:

2015-08-13

Countries:

India

Publication:

PLOS One

Background: Sustained or consistent use of condoms by men remains a challenge. A study was carried out to identify factors associated with failure to use condoms consistently by men attending STD clinics in Pune, India. Method: Among 14137 STI clinic...

Development of global health education at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine: a student-driven initiative

Post Date:

2015-07-27

Publication:

Medical Education Online

Global health is increasingly present in the formal educational curricula of medical schools across North America. In 2008, students at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JHUSOM) perceived a lack of structured global health education in the existing curriculum and began working with...

GETHealth Summit Report—2014, Conference Proceedings

Post Date:

2015-07-08

The GETHealth Summit brought together healthcare professionals, representatives from the technology and education sectors, academic researchers, global health experts from backgrounds including non-governmental organisations to government. This diverse group of delegates were brought together to...

Concurrent anemia and elevated CRP predicts HIV clinical treatment failure, including TB, post-antiretroviral therapy initiation

Post Date:

2015-07-01

Countries:

Clinical Sites:

Publication:

Clinical Infectious Diseases

Background: Anemia is a known risk factor for clinical failure following antiretroviral therapy (ART). Notably, anemia and inflammation are interrelated, and recent studies have associated elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammation marker, with adverse human immunodeficiency virus (...

Efavirenz pharmacokinetics in HIV-infected persons receiving rifapentine and isoniazid for tuberculosis prevention

Post Date:

2015-06-16

Countries:

South Africa

Thailand

United States

Publication:

Clinical Infectious Diseases

Background: Concomitant use of rifamycins to treat or prevent tuberculosis can result in subtherapeutic concentrations of antiretroviral drugs. We studied the interaction of efavirenz with daily rifapentine and isoniazid in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals receiving a 4...

Lyme carditis

Post Date:

2015-06-15

Publication:

Infectious Disease Clinics of North America

Lyme disease is a common disease that uncommonly affects the heart. Because of the rarity of this diagnosis and the frequent absence of other concurrent clinical manifestations of early Lyme disease, consideration of Lyme carditis demands a high level of suspicion when patients in endemic...