Publications

Prevalence of neurotoxicity symptoms among postpartum women on Isoniazid Preventive Therapy and Efavirenz-based treatment for HIV—An exploratory objective of the IMPAACT P1078 randomized trial

Post Date: 
2022-06-21
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Publication: 
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
Background This exploratory analysis investigates the prevalence and risk factors of neurocognitive toxicity in postpartum women on HIV treatment in response to a concern of an Isoniazid Preventive Therapy (IPT)/Efavirenz interaction. Trial Design Pregnant women on HIV treatment from countries with...

Diagnostic biomarkers for active tuberculosis: Progress and challenges

Post Date: 
2022-06-20
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EMBO Molecular Medicine
Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality from a single infectious agent, despite being preventable and curable. Early and accurate diagnosis of active TB is critical to both enhance patient care, improve patient outcomes, and break Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)...

Assessing tuberculosis risk in pregnant women from the PRACHITi study using transcriptomics

Post Date: 
2022-06-10
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Publication: 
Clinical Infectious Diseases
A new tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic cartridge assay, which detects a 3-gene TB signature in whole blood, was not diagnostic in women with maternal TB disease in India (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.72). In a cohort of pregnant women, we identified a novel gene set for TB diagnosis (AUC = 0.97) and...

Pharmacokinetics and Safety of 3 Months of Weekly Rifapentine and Isoniazid for Tuberculosis Prevention in Pregnant Women

Post Date: 
2022-06-01
Publication: 
Clinical Infectious Diseases
Background Pregnancy increases the risk of tuberculosis and its complications. A 3-month regimen of weekly isoniazid and rifapentine (3HP) is safe and effective for tuberculosis prevention in adults and children, including those with HIV, but 3HP has not been evaluated in pregnancy. Methods IMPAACT...

A Novel Computer-Based Virtual Counselor-Delivered Alcohol Reduction Intervention : Acceptability, Adaptability and Feasibility among Adults with HIV or TB in Indian Clinical Settings

Post Date: 
2022-05-27
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JMIR Formative Research
Background: Unhealthy alcohol use is associated with increased morbidity and mortality among persons with HIV and tuberculosis (TB). Computer-based interventions (CBIs) can reduce unhealthy alcohol use, are scalable, and may improve outcomes among patients with HIV or TB. Objective: We assessed the...

Clinical and Immunological Markers of Pulmonary Impairment among People with HIV(PWH) in India

Post Date: 
2022-05-12
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Open Forum Infectious Diseases
Background Despite anti-retroviral therapy, chronic lung diseases remain an important source of morbidity and mortality in people with HIV (PWH). We sought to identify clinical and immunological markers of pulmonary impairment among PWH in India. Methods 210 adult PWH receiving antiretroviral...

Clinical and Immunological Markers of Pulmonary Impairment among People Living with HIV in India

Post Date: 
2022-05-11
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Open Forum Infectious Diseases
Background Despite antiretroviral therapy, chronic lung diseases remain an important source of morbidity and mortality in people with HIV (PWH). We sought to identify clinical and immunological markers of pulmonary impairment among PWH in India. Methods Two hundred ten adult PWH receiving...

A randomized clinical trial of HPV test-and-treat as compared to cytology-based screening for prevention of cervical cancer among women living with HIV: AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol A5282

Post Date: 
2022-05-03
Publication: 
Clinical Infectious Diseases
Background Cytology-based cervical cancer screening followed by confirmation and treatment of biopsy-proven high-grade squamous intraepithelial (bHSIL), is difficult to implement in resource-constrained settings. We hypothesized that high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing followed by...

Regional Differences in Risk of Recurrent Falls Among Older U.S. Women and Men with HIV in the HIV Infection, Aging, and Immune Function Long-Term Observational Study

Post Date: 
2022-05-03
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AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
Geographic location was a strong predictor of falls among women with and without HIV in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. We examined regional variation in falls in a more geographically diverse cohort of older people with HIV (PWH) and explored whether physical activity, sex, or body–mass...

Participant Perspectives and Experiences Following an Intensively Monitored Antiretroviral Pause in the United States: Results from the AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5345 Biomarker Study

Post Date: 
2022-05-03
Publication: 
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
The AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5345 study (NCT03001128) included an intensively monitored antiretroviral pause (IMAP), during which participants living with HIV temporarily stopped antiretroviral treatment (ART) in an effort to identify biomarkers that could predict HIV rebound. We evaluated...

High prevalence of TB infection and disease in child household contacts of adults with rifampin-resistant tuberculosis

Post Date: 
2022-05-01
Publication: 
Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
Background: Household contact (HHC) investigation is an important strategy to identify individuals with tuberculosis (TB) exposure, infection and disease, including those who may benefit from tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT). Data in children exposed to rifampin-resistant TB are limited...

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in an African Intensive Care Unit Setting. A prospective study of prevalence and outcomes

Post Date: 
2022-04-19
Publication: 
Annals of American Thoracic Society
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening form of respiratory failure accounting for at least 10% of global intensive care unit (ICU) admissions (1–5). The Berlin definition for diagnosing ARDS is expensive for most resource-constrained settings to apply (6–8). There are...

Performance of Xpert MTB/RIF and Xpert Ultra for the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis among Indian children

Post Date: 
2022-04-01
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International Journal of Tuberulosis and Lung Disease
OBJECTIVE: To assess Xpert® MTB/RIF (Xpert) and Xpert® MTB/RIF Ultra (Ultra) performance in diagnosing pediatric tuberculous meningitis (TBM). METHODS: We conducted a study among children with suspected meningoencephalitis in Pune, India. Clinical, radiological, laboratory, and treatment data were...

Heightened microbial translocation is a prognostic biomarker of recurrent tuberculosis

Post Date: 
2022-03-30
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Clinical Infectious Diseases
Background Microbial translocation is a known characteristic of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Whether microbial translocation is also a biomarker of recurrence in PTB is not known. Methods We examined the presence of microbial translocation in a cohort of newly diagnosed, sputum smear, and culture...

Cycloserine did not increase depression incidence or severity at standard dosing for MDR-TB

Post Date: 
2022-03-24
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European Respitory Journal
In 2018 cycloserine was elevated to World Health Organization (WHO) group B status for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), and is recommended in longer MDR-TB treatment regimens [ 1 ]. Inclusion of cycloserine is associated with improved MDR-TB treatment success and reduced mortality, but is...

Shorter treatment for non-severe tuberculosis in African and Indian children

Post Date: 
2022-03-10
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New England Medical Journal
BACKGROUND Two thirds of children with tuberculosis have nonsevere disease, which may be treatable with a shorter regimen than the current 6-month regimen. METHODS We conducted an open-label, treatment-shortening, noninferiority trial involving children with nonsevere, symptomatic, presumably drug-...

Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Three Months of Weekly Rifapentine and Isoniazid for Tuberculosis Prevention in Pregnant Women

Post Date: 
2022-03-05
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Publication: 
Clinical Infectious Diseases
Background Pregnancy increases the risk of tuberculosis and its complications. A 3-month regimen of weekly isoniazid and rifapentine (3HP) is safe and effective for tuberculosis prevention in adults and children, including those with HIV, but 3HP has not been evaluated in pregnancy. Methods IMPAACT...

Integrating services for HIV and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a global cross-sectional survey among ART clinics in low- and middle-income countries

Post Date: 
2022-03-01
Publication: 
PLOS Global Public Health
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death among PLHIV and multidrug-resistant-TB (MDR-TB) is associated with high mortality. We examined the management for adult PLHIV coinfected with MDR-TB at ART clinics in lower income countries. Between 2019 and 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional survey...

A Multicenter, Prospective Cohort Study of the Tuberculosis-Diabetes Interaction

Post Date: 
2022-02-15
Publication: 
Journal of Infectious Diseases
Background It is unclear whether diabetes or prediabetes affects unfavorable treatment outcomes and death in people with tuberculosis (PWTB). Methods Culture-confirmed, drug-susceptible PWTB, enrolled in the Regional Prospective Observational Research in Tuberculosis (RePORT)–Brazil cohort between...

TB-related Knowledge and Stigma Among Pregnant Women in Low Resource Settings of Pune, India

Post Date: 
2022-02-01
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The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease,
TB is an important cause of maternal morbidity.1 Studies among adults with TB in several countries have consistently demonstrated that a lack of TB-related knowledge and increased stigma can be a barrier to early diagnosis, seeking treatment and treatment adherence.2–6 India has the highest number...

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