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Dengue and chikungunya co-infection associated with more severe clinical disease than mono-infection

Post Date:

2015-04-15

Countries:

Publication:

International Journal of Healthcare and Biomedical Research

Background: Dengue and chikungunya infections appear to be increasing in India. While Aedies aegypti is the transmitting vector for both viruses and co-infection occurs in the same communities, studies on the clinical significance of co-infection are limited. Materials and Methods: We conducted a...

Availability and distribution of safe abortion services in rural areas: a facility assessment study in Madhya Pradesh, India

Post Date:

2015-03-20

Countries:

India

Publication:

Global Health Action

Abstract Background: Unsafe abortion contributes to a significant portion of maternal mortality in India. Access to safe abortion care is known to reduce maternal mortality. Availability and distribution of abortion care facilities can influence women's access to these...

Vitamin D deficiency and risk of postpartum tuberculosis among HIV-infected breastfeeding mothers in India

Post Date:

2015-03-15

Countries:

India

Clinical Sites:

BJGMC

Publication:

International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease

Some studies have associated low vitamin D levels with the risk of tuberculosis (TB), but its association in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected mothers in a TB-endemic region has not been well studied. We conducted a nested 1:2 case-control study among HIV-infected mothers in western...

What tuberculosis means for maternal health

Post Date:

2015-03-04

Mrs. Kumar [not her real name] was diagnosed with TB 18 years ago, during her first pregnancy, which ended in miscarriage. She then became depressed and side effects from the TB medications caused her difficulty eating. Three years later, during her second pregnancy, she and her husband were...

C-reactive protein (CRP), interferon gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are associated with risk of tuberculosis after initiation of antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings

Post Date:

2015-02-26

Countries:

Publication:

PLOS One

Objective: The association between pre-antiretroviral (ART) inflammation and immune activation and risk for incident tuberculosis (TB) after ART initiation among adults is uncertain. Design: Nested case-control study (n = 332) within ACTG PEARLS trial of...

Activism on rifapentine pricing: removing cost barriers to improve the uptake of tuberculosis research innovations

Post Date:

2014-12-21

Publication:

Public Health Action

As recent advances have been made in developing tools to fight tuberculosis (TB), there is also a trend towards increasing advocacy by the civil society for TB research and access. One recent successful effort to increase access to treatment options for TB involved a collaborative effort to...

Inequalities in institutional delivery uptake and maternal mortality reduction in the context of cash incentive program, Janani Suraksha Yojana: Results from nine states in India

Post Date:

2014-12-15

Countries:

India

Publication:

Social Science and Medicine

Abstract Proportion of women giving birth in health institutions has increased sharply in India since the introduction of cash incentive program, Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) in 2005. JSY was intended to benefit disadvantaged population who had poor access to institutional care for...

High levels of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines and nicotine in Chaini Khaini, a product marketed as snus

Post Date:

2014-12-09

Countries:

India

Publication:

Tobacco Control

Introduction: Recently, a tobacco product, Chaini Khaini, identified as snus appeared in India. The product marketing emphasizes its discreet nature and explicitly claims safety by referring to the existing evidence on Swedish snus. We here analyzed tobacco-specific nitrosamines and nicotine...

Quit history, intentions to quit, and reasons for considering quitting among tobacco users in India: Findings from the Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation India Wave 1 Survey

Post Date:

2014-12-05

Countries:

India

Publication:

Indian Journal of Cancer

Background: GATS India 2009–10 revealed that more than one-third (35%) of adults in India use tobacco in some form: 21% use smokeless tobacco, 9% smoke, and 5% are mixed users (they smoke and use smokeless tobacco), and the quit rate is very low. In an effort to decrease prevalence of tobacco use,...

Pre-antiretroviral therapy selenium status predicts WHO stages 3, 4 or death but not virologic failure post-antiretroviral therapy

Post Date:

2014-11-13

Countries:

Clinical Sites:

Publication:

Nutrients

A case-cohort study, within a multi-country trial of antiretroviral therapy (ART) efficacy (Prospective Evaluation of Antiretrovirals in Resource Limited Settings (PEARLS)), was conducted to determine if pre-ART serum selenium deficiency is independently associated with human immunodeficiency...

Complications of tuberculosis

Post Date:

2014-10-15

Publication:

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

Purpose of review : Diagnosis and management of tuberculosis (TB) remains challenging and complex because of the heterogeneity of disease presentations. Despite effective treatment, TB disease can lead to significant short-and long-term health consequences. We review potential acute and...

Source case investigation for children with TB disease in Pune, India

Post Date:

2014-08-27

Countries:

India

Clinical Sites:

BJGMC

Publication:

Tuberculosis Research and Treatment

Setting. Contact tracing is broadly encouraged for tuberculosis (TB) control. In many high-burden countries, however, little effort is made to identify contacts of newly diagnosed TB patients. This failure puts children, many of whom live in poor crowded communities, at special risk. ...

Economic challenges associated with tuberculosis diagnostic development

Post Date:

2014-08-15

Publication:

Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research

Tuberculosis remains a global health crisis in part due to underdiagnosis. Technological innovations are needed to improve diagnostic test accuracy and reduce the reliance on expensive laboratory infrastructure. However, there are significant economic challenges impeding the development and...

Impact of maternal hepatitis B virus coinfection on mother-to-child transmission of HIV

Post Date:

2014-07-15

Countries:

India

Clinical Sites:

BJGMC

Publication:

HIV Medicine

Objectives: Despite high hepatitis B virus (HBV) endemicity in various resource-limited settings (RLSs), the impact of maternal HIV/HBV coinfection on infant health outcomes has not been defined. We aimed to assess the prevalence of HBV coinfection among HIV-infected pregnant women and its...

25-Hydroxyvitamin D insufficiency and deficiency is associated with HIV disease progression and virological failure post-antiretroviral therapy initiation in diverse multinational settings

Post Date:

2014-07-15

Countries:

Clinical Sites:

Publication:

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

Background: Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) has been associated with increased HIV mortality, but prospective studies assessing treatment outcomes after combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) initiation in resource-limited settings are lacking. Methods...

Blood stream infections

Post Date:

2014-07-01

Publication:

BioMed Research International

Blood stream infection (BSI) is one of the most devastating preventable complications in Critical Care Units. It has far-reaching consequences resulting in prolonged length of hospital-stay, high costs to the individual and exchequer, and, in many instances, loss of life. Although exact rates...

Challenges to disclosure of HIV status to perinatally infected children: a study of caregiver perspectives in Pune, India

Post Date:

2014-06-15

Countries:

India

Clinical Sites:

BJGMC

Publication:

Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases

Effective guidelines around disclosure of HIV status are lacking and limited data from India reveal low rates of HIV disclosure to perinatally infected children. This study, conducted in Pune, India, attempts to understand the experiences of caregivers of perinatally infected children around the...

Cost-effectiveness of rapid susceptibility testing against second line drugs for tuberculosis

Post Date:

2014-06-15

Publication:

International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease

Background : Drug susceptibility testing (DST) against second-line tuberculosis drugs (SLDs) is essential for improving outcomes among multidrug-resistant (MDR-) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) cases. Objective : To evaluate the potential cost-...

Gender-related barriers and delays in accessing tuberculosis diagnostic and treatment services - Part 2: a systematic review of qualitative studies

Post Date:

2014-05-11

Publication:

Tuberculosis Research and Treatment

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global public health problem with known gender-related (male versus female) disparities. We reviewed the qualitative evidence (written/spoken narrative) for gender-related differences limiting TB service access from symptom onset to treatment...

Quality of obstetric referral services in India's JSY cash transfer programme for institutional births: a study from Madhya Pradesh province

Post Date:

2014-05-08

Countries:

India

Publication:

PLoS One

Abstract Background: India launched JSY cash transfer programme to increase access to emergency obstetric and neonatal care (EmONC) by incentivising in-facility births. This increased in-facility births from 30%in 2005 to 73% in 2012 however, decline in maternal mortality...