Research News

November 22, 2022

To determine the mechanisms that mediate resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infection in household contacts (HHCs) of patients with tuberculosis (TB), we followed 452 latent TB infection-negative (LTBI-) HHCs for 2 years.

Clinical Research

Leadership
Our Indo-JHU Clinical Research Partnership is located in Pune and is directed by Dr. Amita Gupta (Baltimore, MD), with onsite direction from Dr. Vidya Mave, Dr. Nishi Suryavanshi, and Dr. Nikhil Gupte (Pune). The Indo-JHU Partnership employs more than 200 people and in addition to our memberships in consortia with many esteemed Indian research institutions, we have formal agreements with:
 
 

Cost-effectiveness of Xpert MTB/RIF for Diagnosing Pulmonary Tuberculosis in HIV-positive Patients

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2016-12-01
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This study was terminated October 8, 2019. This is a prospective cross-sectional study which will be conducted at BJGMC in Pune, India. The aim of this study is to see whether Xpert MTB/RIF is useful for early detection of pulmonary tuberculosis, and therefore cost-effective, as compared with...

The Evaluation of Clinical Profile and Mortality of Children Admitted with Tuberculosis in Pediatric Intensive-Care Unit at Sassoon General Hospitals, Pune

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2016-10-27
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This study was terminated October 27, 2019. Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common causes of infection-related death globally. TB was declared global public health emergency in 1993 by World HealthOrganization (WHO). Mortality due to TB is increasing due to emergence of multidrug resistant (...

Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis of Microbiologically Confirmed Pediatric Tuberculosis Patients and Uninfected Household Contacts

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2016-09-01
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This study was terminated in June 2020. This study is using stored samples from the Cohort for Tuberculosis Research by the Indo-US Medical Partnership (C-TRIUMPH), under the Regional Prospective Observational Research for Tuberculosis (RePORT) Network, an international TB...

Establishing an Observational Cohort Database for Patient Care and Research at the Hinduja Hospital Chest Clinic

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2016-08-30
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India has the largest burden of global tuberculosis (TB), accounting for one quarter of the total number of cases reported. Together with South Africa, India sees one-third of the total number of deaths from TB. Drug-resistant strains of the disease are also on the rise, with India having one...

Measuring TB Drugs in Hair as a Tool to Monitor Adherence, Exposure and Response in Patients with HIV

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2016-08-16
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Our study will examine whether hair levels of two key first line tuberculosis drugs will be useful markers to identify individuals at highest risk of treatment failure in active tuberculosis. Our study aims to provide a lowcost clinical tool using hair that can be noninvasively...

Adherence to Indian National Guidelines for Isoniazid Chemoprophylaxis among Pediatric Contacts of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Cases

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2016-07-06
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This study was terminated June 19, 2019. The primary objective of the study was to assess the implementation of the Indian Revised National Tuberculosis Programme's (RNTCP) guidelines regarding isoniazid preventive treatment (IPT) for children under 6 years of age who had been in contact with...

TB and Pregnancy Impact of Immune Changes of HIV and Stages of Pregnancy on Tuberculosis: Nested Study on Temporal Dynamics of Gut Microbiota in HIV Infected Pregnant Women

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2016-07-05
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This is a nested prospective longitudinal cohort study of 35 HIV-infected and 35 HIV-noninfected pregnant women who are part of the parent study “Impact of Immune Changes of HIV and Stages of Pregnancy on Tuberculosis." The objectives are to: Determine the association...

A Randomized Therapeutic Interventional Comparative Study between Three Different Modalities of Paediatric Antitubercular Treatment

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2016-06-13
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This study was terminated July 6, 2019. It was funded by the Fogarty International Center at the U.S. National Institutes of Health. This study evaluated three different TB treatment regimens in children attending Sassoon General Hospital in Pune, India. A...

Optimal Algorithmic Diagnosis of Genital TB among HIV-infected and Uninfected Infertile Women

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2016-05-26
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This study was terminated March 2020. It was funded by the Fogarty International Center at the U.S. National Institutes of Health. There is a lack of a set protocol universally for diagnosis of genital TB, and for Indian hospitals, India's Revised National...

Whole Genome Sequencing and Trek Sensititre Testing of Stored Isolates of Drug-resistant Tuberculosis from a Clinical Cohort at Hinduja Hospital, Mumbai

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2016-05-02
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Among HIV-positive TB patients presenting to Médecins San Frontières (MSF) clinics in Mumbai, 78% carried MDR-TB strains, with nearly half also found to have additional drug resistance. A previously published cohort of 202 patients cared for at these MSF clinics have enrolled in a...

Barriers to Early Treatment Initiation in Childhood Tuberculosis in High Incidence Setting

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2016-04-21
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This study was terminated October 25, 2019. Funded by the Fogarty International Center and led by PI Dr. Chhaya Tukaram Valvi, the aim of this study is to evaluate the time to treatment initiation and barriers to early treatment initiation in childhood tuberculosis. TB...

Barriers to Implementation of Isoniazid Preventive Treatment (IPT) in Pediatric Contacts of Sputum Positive Adults with Tuberculosis

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2016-03-24
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This study was terminated January 3, 2019. It was funded by the Fogarty International Center at the U.S. National Institutes of Health. Young children infected with M.tuberculosis can rapidly progress to pulmonary and extrapulmonary disease with high rates of mortality and...

The Human Virome in Health and Disease

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2016-02-21
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This study was terminated in September 2020. This study is part of the Antimicrobial Resistance study referenced below, Some samples were used from the Cohort for Tuberculosis Research by the Indo-US Medical Partnership (C-TRIUMPH), under the Regional...

Whole Genome Sequencing of Clinical Isolates from Patients with Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis in India 

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2015-11-12
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This study was terminated August 9, 2019. Comparative genomic analysis using whole genome sequencing (WGS) offers an opportunity to understand the specific mutations associated with drug resistance and the phenotypic behavior of TB. As treatment programs incorporate more...

Residual Respiratory Impairment Following Pulmonary Tuberculosis

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2015-09-13
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This study is conducted by the Cohort for Tuberculosis Research by the Indo-US Medical Partnership (C-TRIUMPH) under the Regional Prospective Observational Research for Tuberculosis (RePORT) Network, an international TB consortium. Many TB patients have...

A5300/IMPAACT2003: Study of MDR TB Cases and Their Household Contacts: Operational Feasibility to Inform PHOENIx Trial Design

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2015-09-01
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This clinical trial was terminated July 18, 2017. It was a study conducted under both the AIDS Clinical Trial Group (ACTG) and the the International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials (IMPAACT) Network, and funded by the U.S. National Institutes of Health. Dr...

Prevalence Survey of Risk Factors for Tuberculosis and Non-communicable Diseases in an HIV-positive Population in Pune, India

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2015-08-17
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This study is conducted under the TREAT Asia Network and funded by amfAR. The primary objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of risk factors for tuberculosis and non-communicable diseases (NCDs)--coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus--...

A5290: A Randomized, Phase 2b Study of a Double-Dose Lopinavir/Ritonavir-Based Antiretroviral Regimen with Rifampin-Based Tuberculosis Treatment versus a Standard-Dose Lopinavir/Ritonavir-Based Antiretroviral Regimen with Rifabutin-Based Tuberculosis...

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2015-07-07
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This study was terminated February 23, 2016; it was conducted under the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) and funded by the U.S. National Institutes of Health.. Full Title: A5290, A Randomized, Phase 2b Study of a Double-Dose Lopinavir/Ritonavir-Based Antiretroviral Regimen...

Bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Pune, India: Substudy on Community Health-Seeking Behavior Among Patients Admitted with Acute Febrile Illness

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2015-05-28
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Objectives: To describe the patterns of health-care seeking behavior and prior outpatient care among patients admitted with acute febrile illness to Sassoon Hospital To determine the effects of outpatient behaviors and prior treatments on the antimicrobial...

Barriers for Intervention to Prevent Occupationally Acquired Tuberculosis in Healthcare Workers

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2015-05-21
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This study was terminated April 20, 2017; it was funded by the Fogarty International Center at the U.S. National Institutes of Health. Observational study to assess the current status of implementation of interventions for preventing occupationally acquired...

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Systemic Inflammation in Pregnant Women With Latent Tuberculosis Infection

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2021-01-27
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Frontiers in Immunology
Background: Recent studies in adults have characterized differences in systemic inflammation between adults with and without latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI+ vs. LTBI-). Potential differences in systemic inflammation by LTBI status has not been assess in pregnant women. Methods: We conducted a...

Higher interleukin-6 levels and changes in transforming growth factor-β are associated with lung impairment in pulmonary tuberculosis

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2021-01-18
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ERJ Open Resource
Higher levels of IL-6 and slow-to-resolve TGF-β are associated with lung impairment in treated tuberculosis. These results have important implications for clinical trials of immunomodulatory therapies to prevent tuberculosis-associated lung disease. http://openres.ersjournals.com/lookup/doi/...

Detection of genital tuberculosis among women with infertility using best clinical practices in India: An implementation study

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2021-01-15
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Indian Journal of Tuberculosis
Background Diagnosis of genital tuberculosis (TB) as a cause of infertility still remains a diagnostic dilemma for clinicians, as no standard guidelines exist. The recently proposed best practices for genital TB diagnosis have not been evaluated yet in India. Objectives To implement best practices...

Association of Maternal Inflammation During Pregnancy: Relationship with Birth Outcomes & Infant Growth Among Women with and without HIV in India

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2021-01-12
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JAMA Network Open
Abstract Importance The association of elevated levels of specific inflammatory markers during pregnancy with adverse birth outcomes and infant growth could indicate pathways for potential interventions. Objective To evaluate whether higher levels of certain inflammatory markers during pregnancy...

Stages of pregnancy and HIV affect diagnosis of tuberculosis infection and Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB)-induced immune response: Findings from PRACHITi, a cohort study in Pune, India

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2021-01-11
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IJID
Background Accurate tuberculosis infection (TBI) tests are critical for pregnant women, especially those with HIV, who have a high risk of TB disease. Methods We enrolled interferon gamma release assay (IGRA)+ pregnant women with and without HIV in a longitudinal study, followed up at delivery and...

Higher IL-6 Levels and Changes in TGF-β are Associated with Lung Impairment in Pulmonary Tuberculosis

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2021-01-08
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ERJ
Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is associated with granuloma formation, necrosis and cavitation in lung tissue. Lung injury in PTB can persist despite microbiological cure and is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) independent of smoking exposure[1]. Furthermore, pulmonary...

Validation of NINA-DISH food frequency questionnaire with multiple 24-hour dietary recalls among pregnant women in Pune, India

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2021-01-06
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The British Journal of Nutrition
Adequate dietary intake is critical to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes. India has a high burden of maternal and child morbidity and mortality, but there is a lack of adequate tools to assess dietary intake. We validate a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), New-Interactive Nutrition Assistant-...

The clinical course of COVID-19 in the outpatient setting: a prospective cohort study

Post Date: 
2021-01-05
Publication: 
Open Forum Infectious Diseases
Background Outpatient coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been insufficiently characterized. To determine the progression of disease and determinants of hospitalization, we conducted a prospective cohort study. Methods Outpatient adults with positive reverse transcription polymerase chain...

Measuring TB drug levels in the hair in adults and children to monitor drug exposure and outcomes

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2021-01-01
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International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
INTRODUCTION: Testing for anti-TB drugs in small hair samples may serve as a non-invasive tool to measure cumulative drug exposure and/or adherence, as these determine treatment success. We aimed to assess how well hair assays of TB drugs predict TB treatment outcomes.METHODS: A small thatch of...

Association of Vegetable and Animal Flesh Intake with Inflammation in Pregnant Women from India

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2020-12-08
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MDPI
In pregnant women, studies are lacking on the relationship of vegetable and animal flesh (poultry, red meat and seafood) intake with inflammation...

Nevirapine pharmacokinetics in HIV-infected persons receiving rifapentine and isoniazid for TB prevention

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2020-11-26
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The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
Background: The use of rifamycin antibiotics for TB prevention carries a risk of detrimental drug-drug interactions with concomitantly used ART. Objectives: To evaluate the interaction of the antiretroviral drug nevirapine in combination with 4 weeks of daily rifapentine and isoniazid for TB...

Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra for the Diagnosis of Tuberculous Meningitis: A Small Step Forward

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2020-11-05
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Clinical Infectious Diseases
The delayed diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) leads to poor outcomes, yet the current diagnostic methods for identifying Mycobacterium tuberculosis in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are inadequate. The first comparative study of the new GeneXpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Xpert Ultra) for TBM diagnosis...

Using a composite maternal-infant outcome measure in tuberculosis prevention studies among pregnant women

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2020-11-04
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Clinical Infectious Diseases
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) preventive therapy (TPT) among pregnant women reduces the risk of TB in mothers and infants, but the timing of initiation should consider potential adverse effects. We propose an analytical approach to evaluate the risk-benefit of interventions. Methods: A novel...

Assessment of persistent depression among TB patients

Post Date: 
2020-11-01
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International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
(No abstract available)

The burden of anxiety among people living with HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic in Pune, India

Post Date: 
2020-10-23
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BMC Public Health
Introduction: Globally, India has the third largest population of people living with HIV (PLHIV) and the second highest number of COVID-19 cases. Anxiety is associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) nonadherence. It is crucial to understand the burden of anxiety and its sources among Asian...

The Impact of Hypertension and Use of Calcium Channel Blockers on Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes

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2020-09-24
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Clinical Infectious Diseases
Background: Hypertension induces systemic inflammation, but its impact on the outcome of infectious diseases like tuberculosis (TB) is unknown. Calcium channel blockers (CCB) improve TB treatment outcomes in pre-clinical models, but their effect in patients with TB remain unclear. Methods: This...

Patient Trajectories Among Persons Hospitalized for COVID-19: A Cohort Study

Post Date: 
2020-09-22
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Annals of Internals Medicine
Risk factors for progression of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) to severe disease or death are underexplored in U.S. cohorts.

Mental health and quality of life among healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic in India

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2020-09-11
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Brain and Behavior
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has placed healthcare professionals (HCP) in stressful circumstances with increased patient loads and a high risk of exposure. We sought to assess the mental health and quality of life (QoL) of Indian HCPs, the fourth highest-burden country for COVID-19. Method:...

Pharmacokinetics and drug-drug interactions of isoniazid and efavirenz in pregnant women living with HIV in high TB incidence settings: importance of genotyping

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2020-09-09
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Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
World Health Organization guidelines recommend that individuals living with HIV receive ≥6 months of isoniazid preventive therapy, including pregnant women.

The effect of TB treatment on health-related quality of life for people with advanced HIV

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2020-09-01
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International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
BACKGROUND: Study A5274 was an open-label trial of people with HIV (PLHIV) with CD4 cell count <50 cells/µL who were randomized to empirical TB treatment vs. isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) in addition to antiretroviral therapy (ART). We evaluated health-related quality of life (HRQoL) by...

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2017 Directors' Statement

Post Date: 
2017-01-31
A New Decade of Global Health Impact The CCGHE recently marked its 10-year anniversary, and it’s an occasion that affords an opportunity to reflect on the progress we’ve made so far, and envision what lies ahead. We are encouraged by the changes we’ve seen in health outcomes for...

World AIDS Day 2016 at BJGMC

Post Date: 
2016-12-06
Read more about 2016 World AIDS Day activities at the BJGMC Clinical Site in Pune, India.

CCGHE at ID Week 2016

Post Date: 
2016-10-11
OCTOBER 27 TB Infection Prevalence, Incidence and Risk Factors among Child and Adult Household Contacts of Adult TB Cases in India Shivakumar SVBY, Chandrasekaran P, Thiruvengadam K, Gupte N, Mave V, Hannah LE, Kulkarni V, Gupte A, Deluca A, Gomathy NS, Sathyamurthi P, Paradkar M, Kohli R, Meshram...

Imec’s miDiagnostics joint venture does blood tests from blood-drop

Post Date: 
2016-08-09
Source: 
Electronics Weekly
miDiagnostics, the joint venture between Imec and Johns Hopkins University, aims to develop IC-based diagnostic tests which use drops of blood to detect cells, proteins, nucleic acids, and/or small molecules.

emocha’s public health apps are heading to California

Post Date: 
2016-08-02
Source: 
Technical.ly Baltimore
Three counties in California signed on to use emocha’s apps for managing tuberculosis. The Johns Hopkins spinout is implementing miDOT in Fresno, Merced and Contra Costa counties.

Help on wheels to screen TB in rural areas

Post Date: 
2016-07-26
Source: 
The Times of India
A state-of the art health services bus would provide medical care to rural populace at their doorsteps. Designed through a donation of US$100,000 from philanthropists Raj and Bharati Shah of the US-based Capital Technology Information Services (CTIS), the...

Mobile Health and Wellness Clinic Debuts in Pune for Clinical Research and Community-Based Care

Post Date: 
2016-07-25
The Maryland-based health care informatics company CTIS and its founders, Raj and Bharti Shah, have collaborated with the Johns Hopkins Center for Clinical Global Health Education and Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College to equip and dispatch a custom-designed mobile health care services...

CCGHE at AIDS 2016

Post Date: 
2016-07-20
CCGHE efforts presented at AIDS 2016 in Durban, South Africa

2016 Global Health Established Field Placement Awardees

Post Date: 
2016-06-28
The following Johns Hopkins students received Global Health Established Field Placement Awards to work on CCGHE research studies in India and Uganda. Each student is spending a minimum of 6 weeks in the field, and each has been awarded $3500 from the Johns Hopkins Center for Global Health for...

Confronting Gender Based Violence 2016 Course

Post Date: 
2016-06-16
2016-06-16—The Johns Hopkins Center for Clinical Global Health Education (CCGHE) is pleased to launch the free online course Confronting Gender-based Violence: Global Lessons for Healthcare Workers. Registration is now open for the course, which is being offered through...

Up Close: Jessica Elf

Post Date: 
2016-05-31
The quality of air is an ethical imperative.

Amita Gupta Appointed US Chair for India TB Research Consortium

Post Date: 
2016-05-11
“After more than 40 years of little discovery, interest, or funding for TB research, we are at a nexus of advancement."

Can Technology & Training Promote Retention in Care & Prevent HIV Transmission?

Post Date: 
2016-05-10
When HIV+ mothers are actively engaged in care, they are far less likely to transmit the disease to their babies. And while HIV+ women in India generally seek initial care, maintaining continuity of care can be challenging. One study in India seeks to answer the question: Can a focused...

Study evaluates four-drug TB treatment for HIV/AIDS patients

Post Date: 
2016-04-04
Source: 
Vaccine News Daily
"Our results even suggest the four-drug strategy is actually doing more harm than isoniazid-alone therapy because study participants found it less tolerable and stopped using it," Dr. Amita Gupta, senior study author and associate professor of medicine and deputy director of the Johns Hopkins...

Feasibility Study Complete on Preventive Therapy for Household Contacts of MDR-TB Patients in Pune, India

Post Date: 
2016-03-31
March 31, 2016—Pune, India—The Baltimore-Washington-India Clinical Trials Unit is pleased to announce that the BJGMC Clinical Research Site (BJGMC-CRS) in Pune, India, just finished the feasibility study titled A5300/IMPAACT2003: Study of MDR-TB Cases and their Household Contacts: Operational...

In Many Regions, World Tuberculosis Day is Every Day

Post Date: 
2016-03-24
India Assumes the Greatest Burden Each year on March 24, the world pauses to reflect on the devastation that tuberculosis causes globally. TB is preventable and treatable, and it disproportionately and gravely affects resource-limited regions of the world. The World Health Organization reports that...

Proactively treating HIV patients at risk for tuberculosis with multi-drug TB regimens doesn't save more lives

Post Date: 
2016-03-20
Source: 
Health Canal
The number one killer of HIV patients in resource-limited areas, including parts of Africa and India, is tuberculosis (TB), underscoring the need for optimal treatments and effective strategies to address this deadly co-infection. But TB is harder to detect in HIV-infected patients and...

Proactively treating HIV patients at risk for tuberculosis with multi-drug TB regimens doesn't save more lives

Post Date: 
2016-03-18
Source: 
Infection Control Today
In what investigators say is a surprise finding, results of a new study appear to strongly affirm the effectiveness of prescribing the anti-tuberculosis drug isoniazid alone — in place of the standard four-drug regimen — to prevent TB and reduce death in

Common TB treatment in HIV: no added benefit?

Post Date: 
2016-03-18
Source: 
Pharmaceutical Processing Online
In a report on the REMEMBER (Reducing Early Mortality and Early Morbidity by Empiric Tuberculosis Treatment) study—a 10-nation, randomized clinical trial of adult outpatients—investigators concluded that there was no added benefit of using four drugs for TB over just using one drug, isoniazid...

4-drug tuberculosis treatment among HIV/AIDS patients does not save more lives

Post Date: 
2016-03-18
Source: 
MedIndia
There was no added benefit of using four drugs for tuberculosis over using just one drug, isoniazid, to save lives in people with advanced HIV/AIDS, revealed a report on the so-called REMEMBER (Reducing Early Mortality and Early Morbidity by Empiric Tuberculosis Treatment) study—a 10 nation,...

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